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N-Gain (Normalized Gain) is an analytical method used to measure learning effectiveness by comparing the increase in scores between the pretest (before learning) and posttest (after learning). N-Gain is used to determine how much students
The Certainty of Response Index (CRI) is a method used to detect misconceptions in learning. This approach measures students' confidence in their answers, in addition to evaluating the answers themselves.A misconception is an incorrect unde
The PQ4R strategy is a learning technique designed to help students understand and remember the material they learn more effectively.The PQ4R strategy was first discovered by Thomas and Robinson (1972), formerly known as S
